A Literature Review On the Use of Bamboo as A Truss Member and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer as A Truss Jointing Material

A truss is a structure that has a rigid configuration formed by an assembly of straight members connected by pins. Many roofing systems use trusses, but the wide variety of truss configurations in architecture is an advantage to creating vast arrays of aesthetics in buildings. Steel, mainly plain carbon steel designated A36, is the most used material for truss members and joint connectors. However, these members are both heavy and non-sustainable, so several kinds of literature recommend studying the potential of using lightweight and sustainable alternatives. This review focuses on using bamboo in truss and the potential of fiber-reinforced composite as a truss joint connector. Bamboo culms and glued-laminated bamboo (glubam) are the two types of bamboo commonly used in truss fabrication based on the review. Bamboo culms from Dendrocalamus asper exhibit a tensile strength of 340 MPa, while the glubam made of Yushania alpina has 364 MPa. Other mechanical properties of bamboo necessary for the truss analysis are not yet clearly defined, although studies used ASTM D143-09 to determine several mechanical properties of bamboo or glubam. Fiber-reinforced composite can exhibit an enormous array of varieties and still demonstrate a strength close to or even higher than steel. It is lightweight and can reach a tensile strength of 700 MPa. The researcher recommends synthesizing bamboo or glubam as truss members and fiber-reinforced composite as truss joint connectors

A Literature Review On the Use of Bamboo as A Truss Member and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer as A Truss Jointing Material

A truss is a structure that has a rigid configuration formed by an assembly of straight members connected by pins. Many roofing systems use trusses, but the wide variety of truss configurations in architecture is an advantage to creating vast arrays of aesthetics in buildings. Steel, mainly plain carbon steel designated A36, is the most used material for truss members and joint connectors. However, these members are both heavy and non-sustainable, so several kinds of literature recommend studying the potential of using lightweight and sustainable alternatives. This review focuses on using bamboo in truss and the potential of fiber-reinforced composite as a truss joint connector. Bamboo culms and glued-laminated bamboo (glubam) are the two types of bamboo commonly used in truss fabrication based on the review. Bamboo culms from Dendrocalamus asper exhibit a tensile strength of 340 MPa, while the glubam made of Yushania alpina has 364 MPa. Other mechanical properties of bamboo necessary for the truss analysis are not yet clearly defined, although studies used ASTM D143-09 to determine several mechanical properties of bamboo or glubam. Fiber-reinforced composite can exhibit an enormous array of varieties and still demonstrate a strength close to or even higher than steel. It is lightweight and can reach a tensile strength of 700 MPa. The researcher recommends synthesizing bamboo or glubam as truss members and fiber-reinforced composite as truss joint connectors

Door-to-Door Culture of Commuters: Its Impact on the Road Carrying Capacity

Barriers to exchange of goods and ideas have shrunk because of technology. Mobility is one of the greatest contributions of industrialization and urbanization. This has also changed the lifestyle of millions of people. The vision of seamless travel has been a byword in regional and urban planning. Providing intermodal facilities has become the top priority of the private and public sector. The concept of door to door, from home to work to places of recreation and other social activities should provide accurate, safe and comfortable travel for commuters. This concept is directed in long distance travel. However, the concept of door to door journey for commuters in the City of Manila specifically in the District of Sta. Mesa took a different epithet. The Polytechnic University of the Philippines was used as a model on how people would literally go out of a building and hop on a tricycle to go to another destination even when the distance is less than a kilometer. The paper investigates on the choices of the commuters specifically of the students, faculty, and staff of this university. It looks into how this phenomenon affects the carrying capacity of the road and explores complimentary and supplementary existence of this transport phenomena of door to door culture of the pedestrian in this case, the PUP community and the constituents of the District of Sta. Mesa, Manila

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste as Partial Aggregate and Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete: A Review

Plastic disposal is now a significant problem for the sustainability of the environment. And, viewing the engineering properties of plastics (e.g., lightweight, flexible, strong, moisture-resistant, and cheap) opens the possibility of using them as a structural material. Over the decade, many researchers have studied using plastics as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete or as an additive. Besides, past experimental results have shown that adding plastic waste in concrete will alter the concrete's mechanical and durability properties. However, such concrete can still fulfill engineering properties and be used in other structures with low strength requirements. This research intends to try other possibilities of using plastic waste as partial aggregate and reinforcement in reinforced concrete. Therefore, it is proposed that researchers look into the effects of plastic particles in concrete on the environment and their durability over time due to its deterioration. It recommends surface treatment of plastics waste using appropriate chemicals

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste as Partial Aggregate and Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete: A Review

Plastic disposal is now a significant problem for the sustainability of the environment. And, viewing the engineering properties of plastics (e.g., lightweight, flexible, strong, moisture-resistant, and cheap) opens the possibility of using them as a structural material. Over the decade, many researchers have studied using plastics as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete or as an additive. Besides, past experimental results have shown that adding plastic waste in concrete will alter the concrete's mechanical and durability properties. However, such concrete can still fulfill engineering properties and be used in other structures with low strength requirements. This research intends to try other possibilities of using plastic waste as partial aggregate and reinforcement in reinforced concrete. Therefore, it is proposed that researchers look into the effects of plastic particles in concrete on the environment and their durability over time due to its deterioration. It recommends surface treatment of plastics waste using appropriate chemicals

Making Connections: A Metacognitive Teaching Strategy in Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension

Reading comprehension skill is crucial for success beyond academic endeavor. However, even academic success can never be possible when a student does not understand the importance of developing good reading comprehension. Using one-group pretest–posttest research design, the study explored the effect of making connections as a metacognitive teaching strategy to enhance the students’ reading comprehension. Purposively selected college students were given assessments and intervention. Based on the data gathered from the pretest and posttest, findings revealed that application of metacognitive teaching strategy, making connections has a positive effect on enhancing the students’ level of reading comprehension as indicated by an increase from average to very high level. The six levels of reading comprehension which were the literal, inferential, appreciative, critique, and evaluative also showed improvement. Results of the Metacognitive Awareness Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) indicated that students were unconsciously using Global reading, Problem-solving, and Support reading strategies. Focus group discussion revealed factors that affect the reading comprehension such as interest, teaching styles, and language. The study suggested the important role that educators play in maximizing the benefits of making connections and making use of any other metacognitive strategy towards developing higher level of comprehension leading to academic success

The Influence of Chromophore Structure on Intermolecular Interactions. A Study of Selected Rhodamines in Polar Protic and Aprotic Solvents

We have studied the linear optical response and orientational relaxation dynamics of a family of rhodamine dyes in which there is substantial variation in the chromophore structure. For these chromophores, the identity of a substituent at the center ring (1) position mediates the linear optical response of the chromophore, and semiempirical calculations provide agreement with experimental data. This phenomenon can be understood in terms of the extent of conjugation of the chromophore ring system. The reorientation data for these chromophores in several polar protic and aprotic solvents are nominally consistent with the predictions of the modified Debye-Stokes-Einstein (DSE) model. In several cases, polar aprotic solvents are found to interact more strongly than polar aprotic solvents with the rhodamine chromophores, despite the difference in the nature of intermolecular interactions in the two types of solvents. The terminal amino functionalities on the rhodamines exhibit stronger interactions with protic solvents than the analogous chromophores that have been structurally modified to constrain amino group rotation. The data point to the importance of both sitespecific solvent-solute interactions and dipole-dipole interactions in mediating the solution phase dynamics of rhodamines

The effect of transverse magnetic correlations on a coupled order parameter: shifted transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis

We use a Green's function method with Random Phase Approximation to show how magnetic correlations may affect electric polarization in multiferroic materials with magnetic-exchange-type magnetoelectric coupling. We use a model spin 1/2 ferromagnetic ferroelectric system but our results are expected to apply to multiferroic materials with more complex magnetic structures. In particular, we find that transverse magnetic correlations result in a change in the free energy of the ferroelectric solutions leading to the possibility for thermal hysteresis of the electric polarization above the magnetic Curie temperature. Although we are motivated by multiferroic materials, this problem represents a more general calculation of the effect of fluctuations on coupled order parameters

Review efek ekstrak tanaman berbeda sebagai anti-toxocara

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are important zoonotic parasites of dogs and cats. The increasing use of medicinal plants as anti-parasitic agents are attributed to its advantages like less side effects, with lower risk of anthelmintic resistance, and as cheaper alternatives. Although there are still no reports of anthelmintic resistance in Toxocara spp, the tendency of it happening should always be anticipated. This review summarized the in vitro and in vivo studies of the anti-Toxocara activity of plants, to enumerate the different plant extracts and the isolated active compounds in relation to their activity. In vitro studies investigated were primarily done in Toxocara larvae, mostly second-stage larvae, while in vivo studies were performed in animals mainly to assess the effect of the plant extracts on larval migratory behavior. Among the all plants described in this review, family Asteraceae was the most studied for their anthelmintic activity against toxocara species. The isolated active compounds with promising results were pyrethrin, kaurenes, palasonin, certain piperamides and curcuminoids, asarone, ascaridole, quercetin, thymohydroquinone (TQ), and secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. However, The mechanism of action of each active ingredient of the plant as an anti-toxocara requires further research